Optimal Coordination of Electric Vehicles for Virtual Power Plants With Dynamic Communication Spectrum Allocation

This article proposes an optimal coordinated scheduling of electric vehicles (EVs) for a virtual power plant (VPP) considering communication reliability. Recent advancements on wireless technologies offer flexible solutions with wide coverage and low-cost deployment smart grid. Nevertheless, the imperfect may deteriorate monitoring controlling performance distributed energy resources. An interactive approach is presented combined optimization dynamic spectrum allocation EV in VPP to coordinate charging/discharging strategies massive dispersed EVs. In proposed approach, partitioning model multi-user multi-channel cognitive radio used cope vehicle-to-grid (V2G) issue due variable parking behaviors, two-stage V2G dispatch scheme wind-solar-EV maximize its overall daily profit. Furthermore, effects packet loss probability battery degradation cost are thoroughly analyzed investigated. Comparative studies have been implemented demonstrate superior methodology under various conditions.